@inbook{10.1525/j.ctt1ppngd.17, ISBN = {9780520243996}, URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppngd.17}, abstract = {In 1990, for the first time in three hundred years, Mongolia had the opportunity to move toward independence and democracy. From 1691 to 1911, the Qing dynasty and Chinese merchants had imposed a harsh, oppressive rule on Mongolians, and from 1921 to 1990, the Soviet Union dominated the country. The collapse of the USSR offered the Mongolians a chance to chart their own course. Yet they needed temporary assistance to compensate for the changes in commerce, investment, and technical advice that ensued after the disruptions in the communist world.The IMF, World Bank, ADB, USAID, and JICA, the Japanese International}, bookauthor = {Morris Rossabi}, booktitle = {Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists}, edition = {1}, pages = {246--252}, publisher = {University of California Press}, title = {AFTERWORD}, year = {2005} }