@inbook{10.1525/j.ctt1ppngd.7, ISBN = {9780520243996}, URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppngd.7}, abstract = {The December 10, 1989, Mongolian celebrations of International Human Rights Day did not proceed as planned. The authoritarian communist government that had ruled Mongolia since 1921 had in the past orchestrated numerous demonstrations, as well as so-called spontaneous mass movements, to commemorate important events or personalities in its history or launch new policies or programs. Military pageants, lengthy speeches by leaders of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP), the only legal political party, and snippets of patriotic and communist songs and folk dances, performed by resplendently costumed professionals, characterized these ceremonies, as did the ever-present security guards, who kept close}, bookauthor = {Morris Rossabi}, booktitle = {Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists}, edition = {1}, pages = {1--29}, publisher = {University of California Press}, title = {MONGOLIA: A PEACEFUL TRANSITION}, year = {2005} }