@inbook{10.2307/j.ctt9qcx90.4, ISBN = {9781782383086}, URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qcx90.4}, abstract = {The colonialism that spread Western medicine throughout the world generally saw other medical systems as primitive and crudely empirical, or else as thoroughly irrational, based on magic and superstition. Western medicine claimed to be grounded in science and represented one of the chief fruits of Enlightenment rationality. Traditional systems of healing were marginalized or studied as curiosities that might be mined for ethnobotanical knowledge or to reveal the social and psychological functions of ritual and symbolic action. This epistemological divide was gendered, racialized, and hierarchical, with northern European male styles of explanation, justification, and comportment the explicit standard against which}, author = {Laurence J. Kirmayer}, booktitle = {Asymmetrical Conversations: Contestations, Circumventions, and the Blurring of Therapeutic Boundaries}, edition = {1}, pages = {26--55}, publisher = {Berghahn Books}, title = {Medicines of the Imagination: Cultural Phenomenology, Medical Pluralism, and the Persistence of Mind-Body Dualism}, year = {2014} }