@inbook{10.2307/j.cttq95b4.8, ISBN = {9780691154954}, URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.cttq95b4.8}, abstract = {Shortly after Olson wroteThe Logic of Collective Action, ecologist Garrett Hardin published an essay titled “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Like Olson, Hardin was pessimistic regarding our ability to overcome the collective action dilemma. Hardin was inspired by observations made by nineteenth-century economist William Forster Lloyd regarding what happens when people try to share resources. Imagine, for example, herders sharing a common pasture. Each one has an incentive to add additional animals to the pasture because he receives all the benefit while the cost is shared among all. According to Hardin, this set of incentives will inevitably lead to}, bookauthor = {Lee Cronk and Beth L. Leech}, booktitle = {Meeting at Grand Central: Understanding the Social and Evolutionary Roots of Cooperation}, pages = {101--123}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, title = {Cooperation and Organizations}, year = {2013} }