@inbook{10.5149/9780807877548_naylor.7,
 ISBN = {9780807858837},
 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9780807877548_naylor.7},
 abstract = {Even as Shoe Boots’s free African Cherokee kin grappled with notions concerning their Cherokee blood ties, sense of belonging, and meanings of birthright, especially during particularly perilous moments in the antebellum era, enslaved African Indians in the Five Tribes also developed a keen understanding of their rootedness to these Indian nations after removal to Indian Territory. The links between “blood,” belonging, and racial identity—and, by extension, innate group characteristics—not only became entrenched within European American life beginning in the colonial period but also encroached on the worldviews of African Indians and Indians residing in nineteenthcentury southern Indian communities},
 bookauthor = {CELIA E. NAYLOR},
 booktitle = {African Cherokees in Indian Territory: From Chattel to Citizens},
 pages = {75--110},
 publisher = {University of North Carolina Press},
 title = {Conceptualizing and Constructing African Indian Racial and Cultural Identities in Antebellum Indian Territory},
 year = {2008}
}