@inbook{10.7249/mg210a.11, ISBN = {9780833036827}, URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg210a.11}, abstract = {This chapter takes as its subject the militancy waged by Sikh separatists seeking an independent state, Khalistan, to be carved out of the north Indian state of the Punjab. This chapter focuses explicitly on developments within the movement following the 1984 Indian army raid on the Sikhs’ most sacred shrine: the Golden Temple. (This action was called Operation Bluestar.) Analysis of the post–Operation Bluestar militancy identified several innovations made by the Khalistani activists, which are detailed herein.Following Operation Bluestar, the militancy morphed into a distinctively more urban phenomenon. Operation Bluestar, perceived by many as a mass insult to}, bookauthor = {C. Christine Fair}, booktitle = {Urban Battle Fields of South Asia: Lessons Learned from Sri Lanka, India, and Pakistan}, edition = {1}, pages = {69--100}, publisher = {RAND Corporation}, title = {India}, year = {2004} }