@inbook{10.7864/j.ctt127x9c.9, URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt127x9c.9}, abstract = {Roughly one in seven Americans, more than 43 million people, lived in poverty in 2009.¹ In the United States, poverty is defined as having a low level of market income in absolute terms—that is, as living below the poverty line. For a family of four, for example, that meant a total family income of less than $21,756. Incomes at that low level both reflect and create undesirable conditions, not only for individuals who suffer directly the hardships associated with poverty but also for societies and economies that allow such conditions to persist. As a result, economic policy often seeks}, bookauthor = {William J. Congdon and Jeffrey R. Kling and Sendhil Mullainathan}, booktitle = {Policy and Choice: Public Finance through the Lens of Behavioral Economics}, pages = {140--172}, publisher = {Brookings Institution Press}, title = {Poverty and Inequality}, year = {2011} }