The Wizard of Oz and Who He Was
The Wizard of Oz and Who He Was
Martin Gardner
Russel B. Nve
Copyright Date: 1994
Published by: Michigan State University Press
Pages: 208
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/j.ctt7zt89t
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The Wizard of Oz and Who He Was
Book Description:

When Russel B. Nye and Martin Gardner teamed up to bring out a new edition ofThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz, theirs was the first critical analysis of L. Frank Baum American classic. The book opens with an essay by Nye, entitled "An Appreciation," which is an overview of Baum's creative and imaginative genius. Nye explores the reasons why earlier critics virtually ignored the Oz stories. Gardner, in his essay, "The Royal Historian of Oz," presents a brief biographical sketch, revealing little-known facts about this prolific writer. The volume also contains the complete, original text of the Wonderful Wizard of Oz, along with many original illustrations by artist W. W. Denslow.

eISBN: 978-0-87013-917-8
Subjects: Language & Literature
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  1. Front Matter
    Front Matter (pp. i-iv)
  2. Table of Contents
    Table of Contents (pp. v-vi)
  3. Acknowledgments
    Acknowledgments (pp. vii-viii)
  4. Introduction
    Introduction (pp. ix-xvi)
    Maurice Hungiville

    In 1957 popular culture was not yet an acceptable academic discipline: a Pulitzer prize-winning scholar would, in those days, have been expected to concern himself with weightier matters. Russel Nye, however, was a different kind of scholar, a scholar whose Jeffersonian political ideals extended beyond politics into a popular culture that others were denouncing as “middlebrow.” When Nye teamed up with Martin Gardner to bring out a new edition of L. Frank Baum’s children’s classicThe Wizard of Oz and Who He Wasthe politics of culture came briefly into focus.

    Martin Gardner in his introduction to the new edition...

  5. An Appreciation
    An Appreciation (pp. 1-18)
    Russel B. Nye

    Years from now,” the New YorkTimespredicted in 1919 at the death of Lyman Frank Baum, “though the children cannot clamor for the newest Oz book, the crowding generations will plead for the old ones.” More than a half century after Dorothy, the Wizard, and their friends were introduced to the public, their continuing popularity testifies to the accuracy of theTimes’estimate of Baum’s work. The Land of Oz has stood the test of time.

    At the age of ten, so the story goes, L. Frank Baum was fascinated by the tales of the Brothers Grimm and Hans...

  6. The Royal Historian of Oz
    The Royal Historian of Oz (pp. 19-46)
    Martin Gardner

    America’s greatest writer of children’s fantasy was, as everyone knows except librarians and critics of juvenile literature, L. Frank Baum. HisWonderful Wizard of Ozhas long been the nation’s best known, best loved native fairy tale, but you will look in vain for any recognition of this fact in recent histories of children’s books. Aside from an obscure booklet by Edward Wagenknecht and a brief magazine article by James Thurber, no one has felt it worth while to inquire as to what merits the Oz books may have or what manner of man it was who first produced them....

  7. THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ
    • Introduction
      Introduction (pp. 53-53)
      L. FRANK BAUM

      Folk lore, legends, myths and fairy tales have followed childhood through the ages, for every healthy youngster has a wholesome and instinctive love for stories fantastic, marvelous and manifestly unreal. The winged fairies of Grimm and Andersen have brought more happiness to childish hearts than all other human creations.

      Yet the old-time fairy tale, having served for generations, may now be classed as “historical” in the children’s library; for the time has come for a series of newer “wonder tales” in which the stereotyped genie, dwarf and fairy are eliminated, together with all the horrible and bloodcurdling incident devised by...

    • I The Cyclone
      I The Cyclone (pp. 55-58)
      L. Frank Baum

      Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer’s wife. Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles. There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one room; and this room contained a rusty looking cooking stove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and the beds. Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner, and Dorothy a little bed in another corner. There...

    • II The Council with the Munchkins
      II The Council with the Munchkins (pp. 59-65)
      L. Frank Baum

      She was awakened by a shock, so sudden and severe that if Dorothy had not been lying on the soft bed she might have been hurt. As it was, the jar made her catch her breath and wonder what had happened; and Toto put his cold little nose into her face and whined dismally. Dorothy sat up and noticed that the house was not moving; nor was it dark, for the bright sunshine came in at the window, flooding the little room. She sprang from her bed and with Toto at her heels ran and opened the door.

      The little...

    • III How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow
      III How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow (pp. 67-72)
      L. Frank Baum

      When Dorothy was left alone she began to feel hungry. So she went to the cupboard and cut herself some bread, which she spread with butter. She gave some to Toto, and taking a pail from the shelf she carried it down to the little brook and filled it with clear, sparkling water. Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the birds sitting there. Dorothy went to get him, and saw such delicious fruit hanging from the branches that she gathered some of it, finding it just what she wanted to help out her breakfast.

      Then...

    • IV The Road Through the Forest
      IV The Road Through the Forest (pp. 73-77)
      L. Frank Baum

      After a few hours the road began to be rough, and the walking grew so difficult that the Scarecrow often stumbled over the yellow brick, which were here very uneven. Sometimes, indeed, they were broken or missing altogether, leaving holes that Toto jumped across and Dorothy walked around. As for the Scarecrow, having no brains he walked straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length on the hard bricks. It never hurt him, however, and Dorothy would pick him up and set him upon his feet again, while he joined her in laughing merrily at...

    • V The Rescue of the Tin Woodman
      V The Rescue of the Tin Woodman (pp. 79-85)
      L. Frank Baum

      When Dorothy awoke the sun was shining through the trees and Toto had long been out chasing birds and squirrels. She sat up and looked around her. There was the Scarecrow, still standing patiently in his corner, waiting for her.

      “We must go and search for water,” she said to him.

      “Why do you want water?” he asked.

      “To wash my face clean after the dust of the road, and to drink, so the dry bread will not stick in my throat.”

      “It must be inconvenient to be made of flesh,” said the Scarecrow, thoughtfully; “for you must sleep, and...

    • VI The Cowardly Lion
      VI The Cowardly Lion (pp. 87-90)
      L. Frank Baum

      All this time Dorothy and her companions had been walking through the thick woods. The road was still paved with yellow brick, but these were much covered by dried branches and dead leaves from the trees, and the walking was not at all good.

      There were few birds in this part of the forest, for birds love the open country where there is plenty of sunshine; but now and then there came a deep growl from some wild animal hidden among the trees. These sounds made the little girl’s heart beat fast, for she did not know what made them;...

    • VII The Journey to the Great Oz
      VII The Journey to the Great Oz (pp. 91-96)
      L. Frank Baum

      They were obliged to camp out that night under a large tree in the forest, for there were no houses near. The tree made a good, thick covering to protect them from the dew, and the Tin Woodman chopped a great pile of wood with his axe and Dorothy built a splendid fire that warmed her and made her feel less lonely. She and Toto ate the last of their bread, and now she did not know what they would do for breakfast.

      “If you wish,” said the Lion, “I will go into the forest and kill a deer for...

    • VIII The Deadly Poppy Field
      VIII The Deadly Poppy Field (pp. 97-102)
      L. Frank Baum

      Our little party of travellers awakened next morning refreshed and full of hope, and Dorothy breakfasted like a princess off peaches and plums from the trees beside the river.

      Behind them was the dark forest they had passed safely through, although they had suffered many discouragements; but before them was a lovely, sunny country that seemed to beckon them on to the Emerald City.

      To be sure, the broad river now cut them off from this beautiful land; but the raft was nearly done, and after the Tin Woodman had cut a few more logs and fastened them together with...

    • IX The Queen of the Field-Mice
      IX The Queen of the Field-Mice (pp. 103-107)
      L. Frank Baum

      We cannot be far from the road of yellow brick, now,” remarked the Scarecrow, as he stood beside the girl, “for we have come nearly as far as the river carried us away.”

      The Tin Woodman was about to reply when he heard a low growl, and turning his head (which worked beautifully on hinges) he saw a strange beast come bounding over the grass toward them. It was, indeed, a great, yellow wildcat, and the Woodman thought it must be chasing something, for its ears were lying close to its head and its mouth was wide open, showing two...

    • X The Guardian of the Gates
      X The Guardian of the Gates (pp. 109-115)
      L. Frank Baum

      It was some time before the Cowardly Lion awakened, for he had lain among the poppies a long while, breathing in their deadly fragrance; but when he did open his eyes and roll off the truck he was very glad to find himself still alive.

      “I ran fast as 1 could,” he said, sitting down and yawning; “but the flowers were too strong for me. How did you get me out?”

      Then they told him of the field-mice, and how they had generously saved him from death; and the Cowardly Lion laughed, and said,

      “I have always thought myself very...

    • XI The Wonderful Emerald City of OZ
      XI The Wonderful Emerald City of OZ (pp. 117-126)
      L. Frank Baum

      Even with eyes protected by the green spectacles Dorothy and her friends were at first dazzled by the brilliancy of the wonderful City. The streets were lined with beautiful houses all built of green marble and studded everywhere with sparkling emeralds.

      They walked over a pavement of the same green marble, and where the blocks were joined together were rows of emeralds, set closely, and glittering in the brightness of the sun. The window panes were of green glass; even the sky above the City had a green tint, and the rays of the sun were green.

      There were many...

    • XII The Search for the Wicked Witch
      XII The Search for the Wicked Witch (pp. 127-137)
      L. Frank Baum

      The soldier with the green whiskers led them through the streets of the Emerald City until they reached the room where the Guardian of the Gates lived. This officer unlocked their spectacles to put them back in his great box, and then he politely opened the gate for our friends.

      “Which road leads to the Wicked Witch of the West?” asked Dorothy.

      “There is no road,” answered the Guardian of the Gates; “no one ever wishes to go that way.”

      “How, then, are we to find her?” enquired the girl.

      “That will be easy,” replied the man; “for when she...

    • XIII The Rescue
      XIII The Rescue (pp. 139-142)
      L. Frank Baum

      The Cowardly Lion was much pleased to hear that the Wicked Witch had been melted by a bucket of water, and Dorothy at once unlocked the gate of his prison and set him free. They went in together to the castle, where Dorothy’s first act was to call all the Winkies together and tell them that they were no longer slaves.

      There was great rejoicing among the yellow Winkies, for they had been made to work hard during many years for the Wicked Witch, who had always treated them with great cruelty. They kept this day as a holiday, then...

    • XIV The Winged Monkeys
      XIV The Winged Monkeys (pp. 143-147)
      L. Frank Baum

      You will remember there was no road—not even a pathway—between the castle of the Wicked Witch and the Emerald City. When the four travellers went in search of the Witch she had seen them coming, and so sent the Winged Monkeys to bring them to her. It was much harder to find their way back through the big fields of buttercups and bright daisies than it was being carried. They knew, of course, they must go straight east, toward the rising sun; and they started off in the right way. But at noon, when the sun was over...

    • XV The Discovery of Oz, the Terrible
      XV The Discovery of Oz, the Terrible (pp. 149-157)
      L. Frank Baum

      The four travellers walked up to the great gate of the Emerald City and rang the bell. After ringing several times it was opened by the same Guardian of the Gates they had met before.

      “What! are you back again?” he asked, in surprise.

      “Do you not see us?” answered the Scarecrow.

      “But I thought you had gone to visit the Wicked Witch of the West.”

      “We did visit her,” said the Scarecrow.

      “And she let you go again?” asked the man, in wonder.

      “She could not help it, for she is melted,” explained the Scarecrow.

      “Melted! Well, that is...

    • XVI The Magic Art of the Great Humbug
      XVI The Magic Art of the Great Humbug (pp. 159-162)
      L. Frank Baum

      Next morning the Scarecrow said to his friends:

      “Congratulate me. I am going to Oz to get my brains at last. When I return I shall be as other men are.”

      “I have always liked you as you were,” said Dorothy, simply.

      “It is kind of you to like a Scarecrow,” he replied. “But surely you will think more of me when you hear the splendid thoughts my new brain is going to turn out.” Then he said good-bye to them all in a cheerful voice and went to the Throne Room, where he rapped upon the door.

      “Come in,”...

    • XVII How the Balloon Was Launched
      XVII How the Balloon Was Launched (pp. 163-166)
      L. Frank Baum

      For three days Dorothy heard nothing from Oz. These were sad days for the little girl, although her friends were all quite happy and contented. The Scarecrow told them there were wonderful thoughts in his head; but he would not say what they were because he knew no one could understand them but himself. When the Tin Woodman walked about he felt his heart rattling around in his breast; and he told Dorothy he had discovered it to be a kinder and more tender heart than the one he had owned when he was made of flesh. The Lion declared...

    • XVIII Away to the South
      XVIII Away to the South (pp. 167-170)
      L. Frank Baum

      Dorothy wept bitterly at the passing of her hope to get home to Kansas again; but when she thought it all over she was glad she had not gone up in a balloon. And she also felt sorry at losing Oz, and so did her companions.

      The Tin Woodman came to her and said,

      “Truly I should be ungrateful if I failed to mourn for the man who gave me my lovely heart. I should like to cry a little because Oz is gone, if you will kindly wipe away my tears, so that I shall not rust.”

      “With pleasure,”...

    • XIX Attacked by the Fighting Trees
      XIX Attacked by the Fighting Trees (pp. 171-174)
      L. Frank Baum

      The next morning Dorothy kissed the pretty green girl goodbye, and they all shook hands with the soldier with the green whiskers, who had walked with them as far as the gate. When the Guardian of the Gates saw them again he wondered greatly that they could leave the beautiful City to get into new trouble. But he at once unlocked their spectacles, which he put back into the green box, and gave them many good wishes to carry with them.

      “You are now our ruler,” he said to the Scarecrow; “so you must come back to us as soon...

    • XX The Dainty China Country
      XX The Dainty China Country (pp. 175-180)
      L. Frank Baum

      While the Woodman was making a ladder from wood which he found in the forest Dorothy lay down and slept, for she was tired by the long walk. The Lion also curled himself up to sleep and Toto lay beside him.

      The Scarecrow watched the Woodman while he worked, and said to him:

      “I cannot think why this wall is here, nor what it is made of.”

      “Rest your brains and do not worry about the wall,” replied the Woodman; “when we have climbed over it we shall know what is on the other side.”

      After a time the ladder...

    • XXI The Lion Becomes the King of Beasts
      XXI The Lion Becomes the King of Beasts (pp. 181-184)
      L. Frank Baum

      After climbing down from the china wall the travellers found themselves in a disagreeable country, full of bogs and marshes and covered with tall, rank grass. It was difficult to walk far without falling into muddy holes, for the grass was so thick that it hid them from sight. However, by carefully picking their way, they got safely along until they reached solid ground. But here the country seemed wilder than ever, and after a long and tiresome walk through the underbrush they entered another forest, where the trees were bigger and older than any they had ever seen.

      “This...

    • XXII The Country of the Quadlings
      XXII The Country of the Quadlings (pp. 185-187)
      L. Frank Baum

      The four travellers passed through the rest of the forest in safety, and when they came out from its gloom saw before them a steep hill, covered from top to bottom with great pieces of rock.

      “That will be a hard climb,” said the Scarecrow, “but we must get over the hill, nevertheless.”

      So he led the way and the others followed. They had nearly reached the first rock when they heard a rough voice cry out,

      “Keep back!”

      “Who are you?” asked the Scarecrow. Then a head showed itself over the rock and the same voice said,

      “This hill...

    • XXIII The Good Witch Grants Dorothy’s Wish
      XXIII The Good Witch Grants Dorothy’s Wish (pp. 189-192)
      L. Frank Baum

      Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.

      When they were all quite presentable they followed the soldier girl into a big room where the Witch Glinda sat upon a throne of rubies.

      She was both beautiful and young to their eyes. Her hair was a rich red in color and fell in flowing...

    • XXIV Home Again
      XXIV Home Again (pp. 193-194)
      L. Frank Baum

      Aunt Em had just come out of the house to water the cabbages when she looked up and saw Dorothy running toward her.

      “My darling child!” she cried, folding the little girl in her arms and covering her face with kisses; “where in the world did you come from?”

      “From the Land of Oz,” said Dorothy, gravely. “And here is Toto, too. And oh, Aunt Em! I’m so glad to be at home again!”...

  8. NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
    • Notes
      Notes (pp. 197-200)
    • Bibliography
      Bibliography (pp. 201-208)
    • Back Matter
      Back Matter (pp. 209-209)
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