A common feature of the articles in this fourth volume ofHistorical Studies in the Physical Sciencesis their concern with modern physics in its relation to other scientific disciplines and to its philosophical and material context. The articles by Kuznetsov and Nye deal primarily with the interaction of physics and philosophy, Fox and Silliman with methodological and worldview considerations in physics, Culotta with the mutual relations of physics, philosophy, and biology, and Kohler with the hybrid discipline of physical chemistry. The first article in the volume is a multinational comparison of manpower, financing, and research productivity in physics around...

We present here an inventory of the academic physics establishments maintained in the scientifically advanced countries at the turn of the century. Although most of the results are expressed quantitatively neither subject nor sources permit precision: the reader should constantly keep in mind the approximate character and devious construction of the figures in our tables. These figures, though approximate, can nonetheless be useful, not only to historians concerned with physics circa 1900, but to anyone seeking a benchmark against which the state and growth of physics in other eras can be measured. We do not here address the ultimate questions...