This chapter focuses on the examination of the establishment and evolution of the security dialogue between the EU and Japan during the Cold War. This chapter presents a twofold argument. Firstly, it argues that it was during the Cold War period that the European Community and Japan initiated their security dialogue, one that started to encompass several areas of cooperation that had traditionally been considered ‘low politics’ issues, such as the environment. The second argument is that, because the aforementioned ‘low politics’ issues were the core items of European and Japanese security conceptualisations, they were naturally introduced into the EC-Japan...

In the previous chapter we explored the formation of the security dialogue between the EC and Japan during the Cold War period. This chapter will focus on a discourse analysis of the EU and Japan security dialogue and its development in the 1990s. It argues that during the 1990s the EU-Japan security dialogue continued to develop and expand into new areas. The second argument is that the end of the Cold War led to modifications in the security conceptualisations of the EU and Japan and to the expansion of their security dialogue. Our point can be demonstrated by examining security...

The previous chapter examined the development of the security dialogue between the European Union and Japan in the 1990s after the end of the Cold War. We learned that Japanese and European leaders agreed to enter a new stage of cooperation and declared the next ten years to be the ‘Decade of Japan-Europe Co-operation’ at the EU-Japan Summit of 19 July 2000 (9^thEU-Japan Summit 2000a).

This chapter examines the discourse analysis of the development of the security dialogue between the EU and Japan during the period 2001 to 2006. Its main argument is that the EU-Japan security dialogue was...

The discourse analysis in part one demonstrated that the EU (then the European Community) and Japan established cooperation in the area of the environment in the late 1970s. Moreover, examination of the security conceptualisations of the EU and Japan in the Cold War period revealed that at that time both Europe and Japan were already concerned with environmental issues and included them in their security agendas (see chapter 1).

This chapter will focus on an examination of the EU and Japan joint performance on environmental issues. It will discuss what Japan and Europe have been doing jointly. We argue that...

Part one demonstrated that, since the 1980s, science and technology as well as energy have frequently appeared on the EU-Japan agenda. Moreover, on the basis of our analysis of the European and Japanese security conceptualisations, we could argue that these areas, especially energy, have been incorporated into the security agenda. Japan, particularly, views science and technology as central to national power. Richard J. Samuels (1994) labels this entrenched Japanese mode of thinking and behaviour as ‘techno-nationalism’. Jean-Pierre Lehmann (1992: 132) also emphasises that the strategies of a number of European corporations with regard to Japan have increasingly been influenced by...

Japan was for a decade the largest provider of ODA in the world. In the early 21st century, it started cutting its assistance budget due to economic difficulties, and the US reassumed its top position. In 2005, the European Commission accounted for more than 8% of the world ODA and Japan’s contribution reached 11%. At the same time, the EU (European Commission and member states) granted US$ 65 billion of ODA, which accounted for 56% of the world ODA. The EU and Japan together accounted for around 67% of world development aid.

The European Commission and Japan have been involved...

Chapter 2 established that, since the early 1990s, the EU and Japan have been engaged in crisis management operations. This area has appeared on the bilateral agenda since the very beginning of the political dialogue initiated by The Hague Declaration in 1991 and, since then, has been a regular part of the security dialogue. Moreover, as demonstrated in chapter 2, this activity was not given a specific word. Officially labelling activities connected to crisis management can be traced back to Japan’s Foreign Minister Yohei Kono’s speech in which he proposed reinforcing relations between the EU and Japan in the areas...