Marian and the Major
Marian and the Major: Engel's "Elizabeth and the Golden City"
EDITED BY CHRISTL VERDUYN
Copyright Date: 2010
Published by: McGill-Queen's University Press
Pages: 304
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt800q3
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Marian and the Major
Book Description:

Rains, a former soldier in the Napoleonic Wars, immigrated to Canada at the same period as Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill. He brought with him his wards, sisters Frances and Elizabeth. The three settled on St Joseph Island in northern Ontario, where their unusual domestic arrangement caught the attention and imagination of, among others, the nineteenth-century British travel-writer Anna Jameson, the Swiss born naturalist and explorer Louis Agassiz, the American poet William Cullen Bryant, and the Canadian novelist Marian Engel.

eISBN: 978-0-7735-7651-3
Subjects: Language & Literature
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  1. Front Matter
    Front Matter (pp. i-iv)
  2. Table of Contents
    Table of Contents (pp. v-vi)
  3. Acknowledgments
    Acknowledgments (pp. vii-x)
  4. Preface: Marian and the Major or The Major and Marian?
    Preface: Marian and the Major or The Major and Marian? (pp. xi-2)
  5. Introduction
    Introduction (pp. 3-8)

    Who was Major William Kingdom Rains and what was his relationship to the Canadian novelist Marian Engel? Who were Elizabeth and Frances Doubleday? How did these four individuals, born nearly a century-and-a-half apart, cross paths in the world of fiction? In what ways do life and literature illuminate one another? What was Marian Engel’s last novel like?

    Marian and the Majorattempts to answer questions such as these. Part biography and part fiction, the pages that follow present the captivating real-life story of William Kingdom Rains and the Doubleday sisters, as well as the compelling fictionalized version that was Marian...

  6. PART I: THE MAJOR AND MARIAN
    • CHAPTER ONE Major William Kingdom Rains
      CHAPTER ONE Major William Kingdom Rains (pp. 11-20)

      Information about William Kingdom Rains is scattered in a handful of sources, including regional history books, museum and library archives, parish records, family memoirs, oral history, and finally, notes taken by Marian Engel in hercahiers.¹ Facts are few and far between. A key source isHistoric St. Joseph Island(1938 ),² researched and written by Rains’s grand-daughter, Estelle Bayliss, and her husband, Joseph. The Baylisses conducted extensive research into Rains’s life, turning to government archives and parish offices in England, Wales, and Canada for any details they could secure. Their account draws on oral history as well. Estelle recalled “many...

    • CHAPTER TWO Lake Simcoe, Upper Canada
      CHAPTER TWO Lake Simcoe, Upper Canada (pp. 21-25)

      No detailed record remains of the Rainses’ journey from Wales to Simcoe, neither in the Major’s Field Book, nor in any letters that the Doubleday sisters might have sent home. In this silence Frances and Elizabeth differed from another pair of sisters, Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill, who made a similar journey a few years later.¹ The Lake Simcoe area where Frances and Elizabeth arrived with Rains and the children in the summer of 1830 was considerably less developed than other parts of the colony, including the Peterborough region where Moodie and Traill settled.² Land grants were not issued...

    • CHAPTER THREE St Joseph Island
      CHAPTER THREE St Joseph Island (pp. 26-37)

      To the Chippewa who were there long before European explorers, traders, and settlers arrived, St Joseph Island was known as Payentanassin. The name Anipich¹ also appears on a map dating from 1670.² Local historian Jackileen Rains notes that in 1725 the island was called St Jean, while in 1744 both the names Caribou and St Joseph were current.³ There are various accounts for the name St Joseph. One relates that since the river was called St Mary’s, the island was appropriately called St Joseph.⁴ Another claims that a Jesuit missionary who nearly drowned near the island named it St Joseph...

    • CHAPTER FOUR Sister Stories
      CHAPTER FOUR Sister Stories (pp. 38-44)

      Major William Kingdom Rains attracted attention and admiration throughout his life and indeed long after. It would be wonderful to have more information about him and his adventures, although the handful of accounts and documents that do exist provides a vivid portrait of the man. Of Frances and Elizabeth Doubleday much less is known. Scarcely any written documents are available.

      Letters, diaries, and other forms of writing by pioneer women in Canada, such as Susanna Moodie’sRoughing in the Bush(1854), Catharine Parr Traill’sThe Backwoods of Canada(1836), Anna Jameson’sWinter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada(1838), and...

    • Illustrations
      Illustrations (pp. 45-54)
  7. PART II: MARIAN ENGEL, Elizabeth and the Golden City
    • [PART II Introduction]
      [PART II Introduction] (pp. 57-66)

      “Elizabeth and the Golden City” was a “simple enough” story, Marian Engel told her agent Virginia “Ginger” Barber in a letter on 7 January [1985].¹ “Rose Red and Rose White with only one bear between them,” she summed up her new project, with a note of humour and the caveat that “the ramifications are many and worth working on.” In correspondence and in drafts of the new novel, Engel included a valuable overview of the work she had in mind. It was based, she stated, “on the history of Elizabeth and Frances, daughters of Mad Jack Doubleday of Milford Haven,...

    • MONTREAL
      • Elizabeth and the Golden City
        Elizabeth and the Golden City (pp. 69-124)

        When my mother died, I was readingJane Eyre.

        That would be a good line for the beginning of a novel. It’s not only a good line, it’s a great one, as flexible and funny as, “‘Hell,’ said the Duchess as she slid down the banister,” as potentially pathetic as “The Marquise went out at five o’clock.” It could begin a romantic novel, a serious literary novel, a Gothic detective novel, or indeed a parody. Any of the genres would adopt it with reverence, for it is the opening line of a darned good read. I’d love it if it...

      • The Major and His Diary, I
        The Major and His Diary, I (pp. 125-132)

        I drove through the beautiful August weather, the hot south-west wind grilling the corn golden as it swept through the fields around me, in a state of elation. I felt young. The good things of life were falling in my lap again. I was running, again, from Corinna to Duffy to Frank, and when it was over I had my two goddesses in Montreal to return to. Who were now safe in the keeping of the Wise Virgin, as we used to call her.

        I had all day to get to Kingston, for Duffy was not to be free until...

      • The Major at McGill
        The Major at McGill (pp. 133-140)

        The Major had a wonderful time at McGill, as he should have, for on an orthodox level, it was made for him, a minor member of the British establishment, the only Canadian university that Britain at that time chose to notice. As we walked through the curved stone gates to deal with the bursar and the registrar, he whistled and bustled and pointed out the beauties of the campus, stopped respectfully and pulled a forelock at the grave of James McGill under the gingko tree (we must read about him, Lizzie) and steered my trembling feet to the right offices....

      • The Major and His Diary, II
        The Major and His Diary, II (pp. 141-146)

        Montreal, Sept. 6

        Lodged with Corinna (girls in her guest room, I in dressing room) a fortnight after my return, while hunting accommodation. Frances a delight in her enthusiasm: a sponge for everything C. knows and can show her. They’ve hunted down all the second-hand and nearly-new shops run by private schools, Junior League, etc. where it apparently is possible to find excellent clothing for a song and F. is now a fashion plate: twice the young woman who left Scanlon’s. She has given up her mad early resolve to work as a waitress and now concedes that young wives...

      • Middle-age Memories of Montreal
        Middle-age Memories of Montreal (pp. 147-157)

        In my day – and it strikes me as strange that I am old enough to use that phrase,dans mon jour, in the olden days – there was little to interest us in the way of politics, Europe was still cleaning up from the war and unvisitable except by the rich and the brave, and there was a long, dull war in Korea that did not bear discussion. Television had just been invented and seemed beneath notice, it was so oafish, and the art form that everyone was preoccupied with was the musical comedy.

        Hundreds of Martins were at work in...

      • Elizabeth on Her Education
        Elizabeth on Her Education (pp. 158-160)

        The process of education has always involved the process of the student’s leaving hearth and home to absorb and delineate the values of his own generation in opposition and apposition to those of his professors.

        This was harder for me to do, perhaps, than for Student A, who lived at the university, while I was living with Frances and the Major; but it could not be said that I had failed to wipe the dust of Scanlon’s off my feet; the renegade position was easy to achieve.

        The ideas of my generation were hard to define, however, though in retrospect...

      • Leaving Montreal
        Leaving Montreal (pp. 161-162)

        The Major groaned about expenses. The shipping agency was not doing well. Overloaded with five courses and a baby, I cared little, ate little, tended my child, helped Frances where I could. The Major could be as unhappy as he wanted, I had my child. Chameau went on sabbatical to Paris, my little group of poets found me too domestic, I did my work, paid no one any mind. When the Dean remarked that I had thrown away a graduate fellowship, I said I was sorry, my husband was coming home and we were moving …

        To Toronto, the Major...

    • TORONTO
      • Toronto
        Toronto (pp. 165-182)

        I arrived in Toronto at 11:15 at night on May 19th, 1956, the year I graduated from McGill, the day, indeed, with two young men who had similarly been knighted, in a Baby Austin. At a service station on the Kingston Road they transferred my luggage from their trunk to that of the Major’s bomber and took off. My bus fare had paid for their gas. I felt grown up, firm, and rather strange. I had been living alone and childless in the box room of Corinna’s apartment building since our lease had expired on the 30th of April. I...

      • Elizabeth in Her 30s
        Elizabeth in Her 30s (pp. 183-211)

        Suddenly, it was over for me, and like all the fundamental changes I have made in my life, the change was made internally, and over a period of time rather than by conscious decision; so that I began first to take less joy in their company, then to resent the programmatic schedule the Major insisted on maintaining, then, finally, to refuse what I had previously assented to. I went out when they expected me to babysit, I brought, shockingly, a man home after a party (I was shocked myself and disapproved of myself but I must also have enjoyed it...

      • Elizabeth at 50, Remembering Her 40s
        Elizabeth at 50, Remembering Her 40s (pp. 212-220)

        I have lived now for fifty years, and at last understand old women who wear young women’s clothes: inside their bags of skin they are the same people they were at two, at seven, at twenty-nine: time passes them like a toboggan and they forget that they have aged. I have seen some of the Depression, more of the Koreas and Vietnam imbroglios. I have lived through the Beatniks, the Hippies, the Yippies, the ages of William Lyon MacKenzie King, St Laurent, Diefenbaker, Lester Pearson, that which will be called the golden or asinine age of Trudeau. I have lived...

      • Elizabeth, Publisher and Writer
        Elizabeth, Publisher and Writer (pp. 221-226)

        If I have had any usefulness as a publisher it is not because I was a clever girl. Anyone whose favourite authors are Virginia Woolf and Henry Green should not be allowed near a selection of manuscripts in a publishing house that hopes to survive financially in modern Canada. In non-fiction, however, the mediocrity of my taste and scientific education led me up useful corridors: I seemed always to know just what the average book-buyer would want to know about a year ahead of time, a useful time lag in terms of selection. I would wander the stores shopping and...

      • The Major’s Funeral
        The Major’s Funeral (pp. 227-236)

        When my mother died, I was readingJane Eyre. When the Major died, I was either reading the proofs of, or arguing with Ron Catherwood on the telephone about the title of, an excellent manual in our new Medical series, entitled CHEMOTHERAPY AND YOU, a subject in which the Major’s terminal illness had made me become interested. In fact, it launched the whole medical series, which is now an expensive embroilment, but which will, I’m convinced, eventually become profitable, particularly if the Americans pick it up. But Catherwood’s suggestion that the titles are all wrong is probably correct; the buyer...

      • Elizabeth Finds Her Father
        Elizabeth Finds Her Father (pp. 237-241)

        Things continued normally for a number of months, though I knew I still had not buried the Major in my mind until funeral music started to play during the empty spaces of my repose and small fits of weeping interrupted television programmes or evenings reading manuscripts. A sad parade of small incidents, a number of flashes that were as clear as photographs, preoccupied me for weeks on end: I had to do my mourning. I was alone that winter, and I could afford to wander wrapped in sadness.

        The next stage was less pleasant; though I had stopped drinking with...

      • Elizabeth in the Hospital
        Elizabeth in the Hospital (pp. 242-250)

        At first I came to in the recovery room or was it limbo where the bright ceiling lights shone through crossed sets of chromium refrigerator racks and there were racks of bodies and I was wracked I had been racked on the racks, they had cracked me open like a crab to get the crab in my bones, and the floor of the operating room had been white tile so they could hose down my blood and my excrement and there were counters over which hung mallets and bone saws as if it were a butcher shop. I was broken....

  8. PART III: TROMPE L’ŒIL
    • Agassiz and Bryant Visit the Major
      Agassiz and Bryant Visit the Major (pp. 253-261)

      It was August, but the air had the freshness of fall. Six men had set out from Michilimakinac in a little sloop.

      The wind was brisk, and the way the boat rode on the waves, the way the wind pushed and the waves danced, put the photographer in mind of music: brisk music. A minuet, perhaps. Something that harked back to Europe, formality, the artifice he loved. Reality dissected and rearranged, perhaps, he thought. Small pieces sawing against the fragments, patterned, light descending and fractured. Photographs with music, he thought. In series. Failing to inventson et lumières.

      The day...

    • Elizabeth and the Golden City: A Lexicon
      Elizabeth and the Golden City: A Lexicon (pp. 262-282)
      Marian Engel

      In the Golden City two girls are sitting in gray togas by the well. They hold their clay water jugs in their laps. They are holding hands because they are sisters and they love each other. A centurion comes by and asks for water. Each of the girls fills his cup halfway and he thanks them gravely.

      The person who knows where the Golden City is is Belle Rivers. She is fat and she has big dark blue eyes and she lives on the flats by the river. I don’t know why she knows that, but she does.

      In the...

    • Archival Sources of Engel Material
      Archival Sources of Engel Material (pp. 283-284)
  9. Notes
    Notes (pp. 285-300)
  10. Bibliography
    Bibliography (pp. 301-304)
  11. Index
    Index (pp. 305-308)
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