The New Black Politician
The New Black Politician: Cory Booker, Newark, and Post-Racial America
Andra Gillespie
Copyright Date: 2012
Published by: NYU Press
Pages: 325
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qfqc3
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The New Black Politician
Book Description:

At the beginning of the Twenty-First Century, a vanguard of young, affluent black leadership has emerged, often clashing with older generations of black leadership for power. The 2002 Newark mayoral race, which featured a contentious battle between the young black challenger Cory Booker and the more established black incumbent Sharpe James, was one of a series of contests in which young, well-educated, moderate black politicians challenged civil rights veterans for power. In The New Black Politician, Andra Gillespie uses Newark as a case study to explain the breakdown of racial unity in black politics, describing how black political entrepreneurs build the political alliances that allow them to be more diversely established with the electorate. Based on rich ethnographic data from six years of intense and ongoing research, Gillespie shows that while both poor and affluent blacks pay lip service to racial cohesion and to continuing the goals of the Civil Rights Movement, the reality is that both groups harbor different visions of how to achieve those goals and what those goals will look like once achieved. This, she argues, leads to class conflict and a very public breakdown in black political unity, providing further evidence of the futility of identifying a single cadre of leadership for black communities. Full of provocative interviews with many of the key players in Newark, including Cory Booker himself, this book provides an on the ground understanding of contemporary Black and mayoral politics

eISBN: 978-0-8147-3868-9
Subjects: Political Science
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  1. Front Matter
    Front Matter (pp. i-vi)
  2. Table of Contents
    Table of Contents (pp. vii-viii)
  3. Acknowledgments
    Acknowledgments (pp. ix-xii)
  4. Introduction
    Introduction (pp. 1-6)

    UNDERSTANDING BLACK POLITICS in Newark, New Jersey, at the dawn of the twenty-first century is a complex task with many moving parts. It is the story of a generational clash on the electoral front, the story of a clash of political styles (deracialized versus racialized), the story of the relationship between political brand development and electoral viability, and the story of the evolution of middle-class black representation of poor black constituents.

    Kenneth Gibson, Newark’s first black mayor, famously said that “wherever America’s cities are going, Newark will get there first.”¹ While Newark’s story may seem unique to Newark, in...

  5. Part I: The Clash of Two Black Americas
    • 1 Black Political Entrepreneurship, Twenty-First-Century Style: The Theory of Elite Displacement
      1 Black Political Entrepreneurship, Twenty-First-Century Style: The Theory of Elite Displacement (pp. 9-44)

      IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, King Solomon reminded the faithful that the more things change, the more they stay the same. This is certainly true in politics. Times, techniques, and contexts may change, but certain aspects of politics stay the same. One of the longest-lasting continuities in American politics is the invocation of negative racial issues and imagery to help a political actor gain a comparative advantage over his or her opponents. For instance, journalist James Callender reported the allegations of Thomas Jefferson’s sexual relationship with Sally Hemings in an attempt to destroy his presidency. Lee Atwater produced the infamous Willie...

    • 2 Prelude: The Rise of Cory Booker
      2 Prelude: The Rise of Cory Booker (pp. 45-53)

      A BRIEF HISTORICAL examination of recent politics in Newark shows that conditions were ripe for a black political entrepreneur like Cory Booker to win elective office through elite displacement. When Booker moved to Newark in 1996, the city’s black political establishment had not sufficiently cultivated a younger generation of leadership to assume office once they retired. This left an opening that allowed Booker to contest power. He began small, challenging an amiable incumbent for a ward council seat. His victory on the ward level would enable him to stage a bigger challenge later on.

      People typically think of the 1967...

    • 3 Losing: The 2002 Mayoral Election
      3 Losing: The 2002 Mayoral Election (pp. 55-83)

      ONE FEATURE OF elite displacement is that it takes time. It is not unusual for black political entrepreneurs to lose their first election for a major office. In that first election, voters are oft en skeptical of the black political entrepreneur’s reform claims and prefer to deal with the “devil they know,” so to speak.

      Cory Booker was no stranger to early defeat, and his unsuccessful 2002 campaign is a good example of an elite displacement campaign. We see how a black political entrepreneur cultivates his profile to generate media attention and grassroots support. We also see how the countermobilzation...

    • 4 Winning: The 2006 Election
      4 Winning: The 2006 Election (pp. 84-102)

      CLEARLY, 2002 WAS a challenging year politically for Cory Booker. Despite his use of elite displacement to try to unseat Sharpe James, Booker suffered a narrow but nationally publicized defeat in his quest to become Newark’s mayor. Booker’s loss to the then-sixteen year incumbent Sharpe James was particularly devastating given the racial vitriol of the campaign. James attacked Booker’s racial authenticity, labeling him a “faggot white boy” and claiming that he had received campaign donations from Jews, the Ku Klux Klan and the Taliban. James went on to win the election by soundly beating Booker in all three of Newark’s...

  6. Part II: It’s Not Easy Being Elite:: Governing Challenges in Post-Racial Black America
    • 5 Policy Is Politics
      5 Policy Is Politics (pp. 105-149)

      IN MARCH 2008, I had the opportunity to interview the then Washington, DC, mayor Adrian Fenty for a different, but related, project. I spoke with him to learn more about why he ran for office and about the challenges he faced during his first year as mayor. At one point, I drew a comparison with Cory Booker by asking if he saw Newark’s mayor as a kindred spirit. Fenty indicated that while he did view Booker as a comrade-in-arms, he also shared a bond with young, white mayors like Gavin Newsom of San Francisco and John Hickenlooper of Denver. The...

    • 6 Perception Is Reality: Judging Cory Booker
      6 Perception Is Reality: Judging Cory Booker (pp. 150-187)

      I PLANNED AN interview trip to Newark in April 2008 to coincide with the end of classes at Emory University. It had been nearly four months since I had made an extended trip there. In the interim, the city had enjoyed a six-week period when there were no homicides. Considering that almost every other major city in the United States was grappling with an increase in violent crime at that time, this feat was phenomenal.

      Booker received wonderful press as a result of this development. Peter Boyer of theNew Yorkerpraised him, and theNew York Timesprovided mostly...

    • 7 The Politics of Perception: Cory Booker in Local and State Affairs
      7 The Politics of Perception: Cory Booker in Local and State Affairs (pp. 188-211)

      IN THE LAST chapter, I examined Cory Booker’s standing among minority voters in Newark. They gave Booker middling grades halfway into his first term. Some voters credited Booker with reducing crime, while others did not see any progress in the city.

      Voters’ opinions are extremely important because citizens have the power to defeat incumbents at the ballot. Elected officials also are important stakeholders in any politician’s career. As Jeffrey Pressman noted in the 1970s, a mayor’s effectiveness is partially a function of being able to harness his jurisdiction’s political organizational structure to gain support for his agenda.¹ Thus, the local...

    • 8 2010: Electoral Politics Revisited
      8 2010: Electoral Politics Revisited (pp. 212-229)

      NEWARK—AND AMERICA—LOOKED VERY different in 2010 than it did in 2006. The sense of optimism and change that ushered Cory Booker into office had given way to the realities of governing an already distressed city during a severe recession. Like many of his peers and predecessors throughout the country, he learned that campaigning and governing are different, and in 2010, he found out whether voters would reward his learning curve.

      In 2008, rumors started to swirl that Clifford Minor, the former Essex County prosecutor, was considering a run for mayor. Supporters were hoping that he would be the...

    • 9 Uncle Julius’s Cabin: Black Political Entrepreneurs and the Future of Black Politics
      9 Uncle Julius’s Cabin: Black Political Entrepreneurs and the Future of Black Politics (pp. 230-238)

      IN SEPTEMBER 1959, Martin Luther King gave a pep talk of sorts to members of the Mississippi Southern Christian Ministers Conference. In this speech, he prepared activists for the “season of suffering”¹ that they were about to face. In doing so, he called for the emergence of a fearless leadership cadre who was willing to risk everything to confront inequality.² While the locus of black leadership has shifted from the activist to the electoral realm, there is still a robust debate about the archetypes and normative goals of effective black leaders. This debate has grown more acute as the African...

  7. Epilogue
    Epilogue (pp. 239-252)

    INAUGURATION DAY 2010 was very different from its counterpart four years earlier. On a superficial level, the economic crisis demanded a scaled down celebration. Although Booker had paid for his 2006 inaugural gala with donated funds, everyone knew that a splashy celebration in the midst of a recession and a massive city deficit would raise the ire of critics who already perceived Booker to be insensitive and gauche. Accordingly, his administration replaced the black-tie dinner with a dessert reception that immediately followed the noontime swearing-in ceremony.

    Booker was very different this July 1. In 2006, fresh-faced optimism carried his rhetoric...

  8. Appendix A: Methodological Notes
    Appendix A: Methodological Notes (pp. 253-265)
  9. Appendix B: List of Formal Interviewees
    Appendix B: List of Formal Interviewees (pp. 266-268)
  10. Notes
    Notes (pp. 269-304)
  11. Index
    Index (pp. 305-313)
  12. About the Author
    About the Author (pp. 314-314)