Environment Canada received funding from Natural Resources Canada’s Clean Energy Fund in the fall of 2010 to lead, co-ordinate and manage an interdepartmental Federal Advisory Committee to complete a full life cycle analysis (LCA) of biomass feedstock for electricity/heat production. This work is focused on identifying environmental impacts and benefits of biomass use as it relates to ecosystem and resource sustainability, with respect to crown land forests, private woodlots and agricultural bioenergy crops.
An important component to this work is a thorough understanding of the sensitive environmental issues and aspects associated with utilizing biomass for electricity/heat production. Key stakeholders including...
The information collected and presented for this project was compiled through a literature review (Chapter 3), phone interviews (Chapter 4) and an online survey (Chapter 5) of key eNGO and conservation organizations that have an understanding of the use of biomass for electricity and/or heat production in Canada. The methodology for these three steps is outlined below.
Publicly documented positions with respect to the use of biomass for electricity and/or heat production were reviewed from a broad range of eNGOs, conservation groups and human rights and/or First Nations organizations.
The sources of information that were reviewed for this phase include:...
This chapter summarizes a literature review from forest conservation, climate change/energy and human rights/First Nations groups.
A total of 15 conservation groups (listed below) representing national or regional interests were reviewed for public positions on biomass for electricity and/or heat production. Eight of these organizations (53%) had stated positions on the use of forest biomass for energy and seven (47%) organizations did not.
The list of conservation organizations researched for public opinion on the use of biomass for electricity and/or heat production include:
Canadian Parks and Wilderness Association
Algonquin Wildlands League
Canadian Boreal Initiative
Environment North
Bird Studies Canada
Alberta...
Table 3 summarizes the eNGOs that were contacted for the one-on-one interviews.
The following question was asked regarding biomass energy policy:
Does your organization have a stated position or a policy on the use of forest biomass (and, to a lesser extent, agricultural biomass) for generating energy?
The majority of the interviewed organizations do not have a specific policy on biomass for energy. A few organizations support small-scale, high efficiency combustion for heat only. Three organizations support using only biomass sourced from waste products (sawmill waste, transmission line, oil and gas right-of-ways and other waste streams that are currently handled...
The on-line survey was sent to the following organizations:
Sierra Club Canada
Friends of the Earth Canada
Nature Conservancy
Wildlife Habitat Canada
International Institute of Sustainable Development
Centre for Indigenous Environmental Resources
Toronto Environmental Alliance
Conservation Ontario
Evergreen
Ontario Nature
Canopy
There were a total of eight responses from six organizations, and not all responses were complete. Below is the summary of individual responses.
The benefits of using biomass for energy varied amongst organizations, with no one benefit clearly outweighing other benefits.
The most common response was in-line with most feedback and information received from other organizations – in that...
This chapter provides a collective summary of key findings with respect to eNGO and conservation groups’ perceptions of the main environmental benefits and issues related to biomass use for electricity/heat generation from the literature review, interviews and on-line survey. The chapter concludes with a series of observations that should be considered when developing metrics on the use of biomass for heat and/or electricity production, and recommendations for further work.
Information and opinions collected indicate that the highest levels of support for the optimal use of biomass for electricity/heat is with small-scale, distributed, high combustion efficiency biomass systems. There is more...