Pakistan has had very limited experience in counterinsurgency, and not all of it has been very successful. In 1971, the Pakistan Army was used in East Pakistan to quell a domestic insurgency in support of the Bengalis of East Pakistan gaining independence from West Pakistan. Indian support and sanctuary allowed the insurgents to grow and become very sophisticated. Many of them were former Pakistan Army officers and men of the East Bengal Regiment or paramilitary forces. Pakistan’s army used military force against civilians in a population that was largely against them. It lost that war, largely because of massive Indian...