The Deeds of Louis the Fat
The Deeds of Louis the Fat
Suger
Richard Cusimano
John Moorhead
Copyright Date: 1992
Published by: Catholic University of America Press
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fgq60
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The Deeds of Louis the Fat
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eISBN: 978-0-8132-2094-9
Subjects: History
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  1. Front Matter
    Front Matter (pp. i-iv)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.1
  2. Table of Contents
    Table of Contents (pp. v-vi)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.2
  3. Preface
    Preface (pp. vii-viii)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.3
  4. Abbreviations
    Abbreviations (pp. ix-xi)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.4
  5. Chapter Titles in the Text
    Chapter Titles in the Text (pp. xii-xiv)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.5
  6. Introduction
    Introduction (pp. 1-20)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.6

    Suger, abbot of St. Denis, has won a lasting place in European history as the man responsible for the rebuilding of the great abbey church of St. Denis, a reconstruction crucial in the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture.¹ But at the very time that work was proceeding on the great abbey (portions of which were completed in 1140 and 1144) Suger employed himself as well in writing a notable account of the deeds of King Louis VI (1108–37). The work has an evident value, for Louis’s reign has been seen as marking a turning point in the fortunes...

  7. The Deeds of Louis the Fat
    • [Map]
      [Map] (pp. 22-22)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.7
    • Prologue
      Prologue (pp. 23-24)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.8

      To Lord Josselin, the duly revered bishop of Soissons, from Suger, an unworthy servant of Jesus Christ, whom God suffered to be called abbot of blessed Dionysius the Areopagite: may he be united as a bishop with the bishop of bishops.a

      Both we and our works will profit from review and judgment by those who will pronounce at the Last Judgment sentences of hatred and love, each according to the merits of the case, when “the noble man will sit at the gates among the senators of the land.”² And you would be among the best of these, even without...

    • 1 His valor as a youth and how he valiantly drove back William Rufus, the very powerful king of the English, who was making trouble for his father’s kingdom
      1 His valor as a youth and how he valiantly drove back William Rufus, the very powerful king of the English, who was making trouble for his father’s kingdom (pp. 24-28)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.9

      To begin, the splendid and renowned Louis, king of the French and son of the stately King Philip, was distinguished and handsome in the very flower of early age, when he was hardly twelve or thirteen years old.a He showed so much zeal in forming virtuous habits, and his graceful body was growing so tall that his future reign held immediate promise that the kingdom would be honorably enlarged, fostering hope that our prayers for the protection of the churches and the poor would be answered. This highborn stripling followed the ancient custom of Charles the Great and other excellent...

    • 2 How he prevented the noble Burchard of Montmorency and his accomplices from attacking St. Denis
      2 How he prevented the noble Burchard of Montmorency and his accomplices from attacking St. Denis (pp. 29-30)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.10

      In his youth the renowned Louis was so cheerful, pleasant, and friendly that some even thought him simple; but when he grew more mature he became a renowned and spirited defender of his father’s kingdom.a He took care that the churches prospered and zealously sought peace for those who prayed, those who toiled, and the poor, which had not been done for a long while.¹

      At that time a controversy over some customary rights arose between Adam, the venerable abbot of St. Denis, and the noble Burchard, the lord of Montmorency.b This dispute boiled over into an irritating quarrel; all...

    • 3 How the lord Louis forced Count Matthew of Beaumont to restore the castle of Luzarches to Hugh of Clermont, after he himself had attacked the same castle with great force
      3 How the lord Louis forced Count Matthew of Beaumont to restore the castle of Luzarches to Hugh of Clermont, after he himself had attacked the same castle with great force (pp. 31-32)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.11

      Meanwhile, a long-standing grudge led Count Matthew of Beaumont to quarrel with Hugh of Clermont, a noble but inconstant and simple man whose daughter he had married. Matthew took full possession of the castle of Luzarches, half of which he held by reason of his marriage, and with arms and armed men attempted to fortify the tower in his own interest.a What could Hugh do but rush to the defender of the kingdom, throw himself at his feet, and pour forth his tears? He beseeched him to comply with the request of an old man and bring help to a...

    • 4 How, when he had besieged Chambly, another castle of the same Matthew, a sudden storm forced his host to flee, so that if Louis himself had not bravely fought back, the host would have nearly been destroyed; and how Matthew himself gave satisfaction to him with humility
      4 How, when he had besieged Chambly, another castle of the same Matthew, a sudden storm forced his host to flee, so that if Louis himself had not bravely fought back, the host would have nearly been destroyed; and how Matthew himself gave satisfaction to him with humility (pp. 32-34)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.12

      In like manner he marshalled the host for action against Chambly, another castle held by the same count.a He pitched his tents and ordered that siege engines be brought into position; but things turned out very differently from what he had hoped. The very pleasant weather suddenly became unpleasant and stormy; and a huge downpour of rain, with terrifying flashes of lightning and thunder, threw the entire land into disorder during the night. The horses were knocked down and the host was so frightened that some of the men hardly hoped to survive.

      In their state of unbearable fear some...

    • 5 Ebles, count of Roucy
      5 Ebles, count of Roucy (pp. 34-35)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.13

      The very powerful and turbulent Baron Ebles of Roucy and his son Guichard were brutally attacking and robbing the noble church of Reims and its dependent churches of their possessions.a Ebles’s great arrogance had even prompted him once to set out for Spain with a host of a size proper to kings alone.b And the more he roamed about with his host of knights, the more rabid and greedy he grew as he took his fill of pillage, plunder, and the pursuit of every wickedness.

      A hundred complaints against this forceful and criminal man had been tearfully lodged with the...

    • 6 The castle of Meung
      6 The castle of Meung (pp. 36-36)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.14

      And he won no less renown when he brought a force of knights to help the church of Orléans against Leo, a nobleman of the castle of Meung and vassal of the bishop of Orléans, who had taken away from that church the greater part of the same castle and lordship over another.a The lord Louis curbed him with his mighty hand and shut him up in the same castle with many others. When the castle had been lost, Leo took refuge in a church next to his own residence. Siege engines were set up, and he strove to defend...

    • 7 The castle of Montaigu
      7 The castle of Montaigu (pp. 37-39)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.15

      The very strong castle of Montaigu in the district of Laon came by reason of marriage into the possession of Thomas of Marle, the vilest of men and a plague to God and men alike.a All his neighbors in that region lived in terror of this unbearable madman who, like some monstrous wolf, had become fearless in his impregnable stronghold. The very man said to be his father, the venerable and honorable Enguerrand of Boves, made more effort than anyone to drive Thomas from his castle because of his seditious tyranny.b A group of men, namely the same Enguerrand, Ebles...

    • 8 How Milo gained entrance into the castle of Montlhéry
      8 How Milo gained entrance into the castle of Montlhéry (pp. 39-43)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.16

      Encounters like these helped the lord-designate grow more manly in his actions, and he made a valiant effort to provide wisely for the administration and government of the kingdom at every available opportunity. He subdued the disobedient and either seized troublesome castles or made them submissive by any means possible.

      For example, Guy Trousseau, son of that turbulent man and disturber of the kingdom Milo of Montlhéry, made his way home from the expedition to the Holy Sepulcher.¹ He had been broken by the stress of a long trip and the irritation that comes from various afflictions, and by guilt...

    • 9 Bohemond, prince of Antioch
      9 Bohemond, prince of Antioch (pp. 43-46)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.17

      About that time Bohemond, the famous prince of Antioch, came down to the regions of the Gauls.a As the great siege of that city ended, the garrison there admired his valor and chose to surrender to him alone. He had won fame and renown among the people of the East, and the Saracens themselves praised his noble deeds, which could never have been done without the help of God.

      In addition, Bohemond and his father, Robert Guiscard, had besieged the fortress of Durazzo on the other side of the sea. The riches of Thessalonica, the treasures of Constantinople, and the...

    • 10 The arrival of Pope Paschal in France, his quarrel over investitures with the emperor, Henry, and his arrest at Rome by the emperor
      10 The arrival of Pope Paschal in France, his quarrel over investitures with the emperor, Henry, and his arrest at Rome by the emperor (pp. 46-54)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.18

      During the year after Bohemond returned home, the universal and supreme pontiff Paschal, of venerable memory, approached the western regions with a large number of very wise men, bishops, cardinals and a company of Roman nobles.¹ He wished to confer with the king of the French and his son, the king-designate Louis, and with the Gallic church about the recent quarrels over ecclesiastical investiture and several other problems. The emperor Henry was making trouble for the pope over these issues and was threatening to trouble him even more. Lacking all human feeling or any affection for his parent, the emperor...

    • 11 The capture of the castle of Gournay
      11 The capture of the castle of Gournay (pp. 55-58)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.19

      Count Guy of Rochefort allowed hard feelings to inflame his mind, and he now “fanned a tiny spark into a roaring fire.”¹ After jealous men set their schemes into motion, the marriage between the lord-designate and the count’s daughter was dissolved by annulment in the very presence of the lord pope on the grounds of consanguinity.²

      But the lord-designate continued to hold the count in the same high regard until suddenly the Garlandes mixed themselves up in the affair. They tore apart the friendship, broke up the alliance, and heightened the ill will. And the lord-designate found a reason for...

    • 12 The capture of the castle of Sainte-Sévère
      12 The capture of the castle of Sainte-Sévère (pp. 59-60)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.20

      Laziness, the companion of idleness, makes noble men lose their nobility and glorious men their glory. It plunges them into the depths. But valor of spirit stimulated by strenuous bodily effort gives noble men more nobility and glorious men more glory. It lifts them up to the heights and awards them the chance to do splendid deeds, in which their valor takes delight and finds pleasure, everywhere in the land.

      There came before the lord Louis petitioners who, promising him many services that would cost them dearly, sought to prevail upon him to cross over into Berry, into that part...

    • 13 The death of King Philip
      13 The death of King Philip (pp. 61-62)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.21

      Meanwhile, as the son made headway from day to day his father, King Philip, was from day to day losing ground. After his irregular union with the countess of Anjou he did nothing worthy of the royal majesty, for he was carried away by lust for the married woman he had carried off and gave himself over to gratifying his desires. He indulged himself too much and did not take care of either his kingdom or the health of his noble and handsome body. The condition of the realm prospered only because others both feared and loved his son and...

    • 14 His accession to the kingship
      14 His accession to the kingship (pp. 62-64)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.22

      In his youth Louis had merited the friendship of the church by his generous defense of it, for he had taken up the cause of the poor and orphans, and had subdued tyrants with powerful force.a With God assenting, the agreement of good men now summoned him to the highest dignity of the kingdom, just as a conspiracy of wicked and evil men would have excluded him from it had it been possible.b

      During the discussion that was held, the venerable and most wise Ivo, bishop of Chartres, was the main person to urge that they meet without delay at...

    • 15 The capture of Ferté-Baudouin and the rescue of the count of Corbeil and Anselm of Garlande
      15 The capture of Ferté-Baudouin and the rescue of the count of Corbeil and Anselm of Garlande (pp. 64-68)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.23

      Louis, king of the French by the grace of God, could not put aside what he had grown accustomed to do in his youth, namely safeguarding the churches, protecting the poor and the needy, and working for the peace and defense of the kingdom.

      For instance, Hugh of Crécy, the son of Guy the Red, was a skilled and valiant young warrior, equally adept at plundering and burning and very quick to make trouble for the whole kingdom.¹ When they lost the castle of Gournay, however, both father and son reddened with shame; their resentment deepened, and they did not...

    • 16 The interview between King Louis and King Henry of the English at Néaufles
      16 The interview between King Louis and King Henry of the English at Néaufles (pp. 69-75)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.24

      About that timea King Henry of the English, a very brave man who was renowned in peace and war, came into the districts of the Normans.¹ Nearly the whole world had heard of his superior merit, and even that rustic prophet Merlin, a marvelous visionary who foretold the whole future of the English, spoke well of him in a mighty proclamation with a fine and truthful style. Breaking forth abruptly as seers usually do, he praised him with prophetic voice: “There will come to the throne a lion of justice,” he said. “At his roar the Gallic towers and the...

    • 17 The treachery committed at La Roche-Guyon by William, brother-in-law of Guy; the death of Guy and the swift revenge against the same William
      17 The treachery committed at La Roche-Guyon by William, brother-in-law of Guy; the death of Guy and the swift revenge against the same William (pp. 76-80)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.25

      Atop a steep bluff jutting up from a bank of the great river Seine there sits a dreadful and unstately castle, named La Roche-Guyon.a The ambitious hand of the builder dug it out of the lofty rock and kept its exterior hidden from sight; and while cutting the rock, he spread it on the slope of the mountain. It had the spaciousness of a very grand residence but only a few small entrances. You would think it was the cave of seers where the oracles of Apollo are received, or the place about which Lucan says: “For although the Thessalian...

    • 18 How he took away the castles of Mantes and Montlhéry from his brother Philip, who made a stand against him
      18 How he took away the castles of Mantes and Montlhéry from his brother Philip, who made a stand against him (pp. 81-83)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.26

      A lack of good faith leads to evil being returned for good more often than good for evil. The latter is proper to God, the former to neither God nor man: nevertheless, it is something that is done. And this mark of wickedness was on Philip, the brother of King Louis, who had been born of the irregular union with the Angevin woman. The lord Louis had yielded to the seductive flattery of his noble and most sycophantic stepmother and, at the insistence of his father, to whom he never refused anything, gave Philip lordship over Montlhéry and the castle...

    • 19 How he destroyed the castle of Le Puiset after he captured Hugh
      19 How he destroyed the castle of Le Puiset after he captured Hugh (pp. 84-93)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.27

      Just as very tasty fruit from a fruitful tree reproduces its fragrant taste if a shoot is transplanted or branches are grafted, in the same way evil and wickedness, qualities that should have been rooted out, continued to sprout forth and produced one man out of the branch of many wretched men. He was like a snake amid eels, which torments and stirs them up and enjoys the taste of its own sort of bitterness, as if it were absinthe. Hugh of Le Puiset was of such a kind, a wretched man, made rich only by virtue of his own...

    • 20 The release of Hugh of Le Puiset
      20 The release of Hugh of Le Puiset (pp. 94-95)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.28

      Meanwhile, Count Odo of Corbeil died—a human being with no humanity, a beast with no reason.a He was the son of the extremely proud Count Burchard, himself a turbulent man of amazing bravery, the chief of evildoers. One day when he aspired to the throne and took up arms against the king, Count Burchard refused to take his sword from the hand of the person offering it and spoke reproachfully to his wife the countess, who was standing at his side: “Noble countess, hand this splendid sword to a noble count with joy, for the count who receives it...

    • 21 The attack on Toury and the rebuilding of Le Puiset
      21 The attack on Toury and the rebuilding of Le Puiset (pp. 95-103)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.29

      No time passed before Hugh’s oath, sworn so recently it was like some liquid that had not yet set, was shown to be worthless. Enraged by his lengthy captivity, he was like a dog chained for a long time; it becomes mad and remains so as a result of the drawn-out interval spent in chains. When set free, it rages beyond all bounds; unchained it bites and tears things to pieces; and Hugh was no different. Setting his hardened wickedness flowing, he stirred it up, put it into motion, and quickly turned it to deceit. And so he joined together...

    • 22 Hugh’s recurring treachery
      22 Hugh’s recurring treachery (pp. 104-104)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.30

      But in another encounter, a long time afterward, when he had been restored to the king’s favor by the giving of many hostages and the swearing of countless oaths, Hugh again set himself to rebellion and fraud, “and taught by Sulla, he outdid his wicked master.”¹ Once more he was besieged by the king, and once more he was disinherited. He continued along the path of his inborn and habitual treason by personally running his lance through the king’s seneschal, Anselm of Garlande, a valiant baron. Finally Hugh took the road to Jerusalem and, like so many other wretched men,...

    • 23 The alliance of peace between the king of England, the king of Gaul, and Count Theobald
      23 The alliance of peace between the king of England, the king of Gaul, and Count Theobald (pp. 105-105)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.31

      The magnates of the kingdom and the monastic clergy worked together for an alliance of peace between the king of England, the king of Gaul,¹ and Count Theobald. And a just judgment befell those who conspired against the kingdom when they pressed the king of England and Count Theobald to arbitrate their personal quarrels.b Although consumed by war, they gained nothing from peace and earned fitting punishments for what they had done. Lancelin, count of Dammartin, lost his claim to safe-conduct through Beauvais without hope of getting it back. Pagan of Mont-jay was disappointed in his claim to the castle...

    • 24 The overthrow of Thomas of Marle’s castles at Crécy and Nouvion
      24 The overthrow of Thomas of Marle’s castles at Crécy and Nouvion (pp. 106-109)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.32

      By their powerful right arm and by virtue of the office they have sworn to uphold, kings put down insolent tyrants whenever they see them inciting wars, taking pleasure in endless plunder, persecuting the poor, and destroying churches. Kings put a stop to their wanton behavior, which kindles even greater insanity in them if left unbridled. They become like evil spirits who prefer to slaughter those whom they fear to lose and favor by all means possible those whom they hope to keep, adding fuel to the flames which will then devour them with much greater pain.

      Such a person...

    • 25 How he gained possession of the castle of Germigny and gave judgment against Haimo Vairevache
      25 How he gained possession of the castle of Germigny and gave judgment against Haimo Vairevache (pp. 109-110)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.33

      A king’s power should never be thought of as being limited only to the narrow boundaries of any part of his lands, “for kings are known to have long arms.”¹ This was made clear when Alard Guillebald, a skillful man with a tongue for sale, came rushing to the king from the frontiers of Berry and, with an appropriate amount of rhetoric, laid before him the complaint of his stepson. He humbly beseeched the lord king to use his royal authority and bring to court a noble baron named Haimo, surnamed Vairevache, the lord of Bourbon, who was refusing justice...

    • 26 Conflict with King Henry of England
      26 Conflict with King Henry of England (pp. 111-118)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.34

      Unbridled conceit is worse than pride in this respect: a proud person believes there is no one superior to him, but a conceited person believes there is no one equal to him. To this person can be applied that saying of the poet: “Caesar could not acknowledge a superior, nor Pompey an equal”; and since “everyone who has power grows weary of a peer,” Louis, king of the French, conducted himself toward Henry, king of the English and duke of the Normans, as toward a vassal, for he always kept in mind the lofty rank by which he towered over...

    • 27 The pontificate of Calixtus and the abbacy of St. Denis
      27 The pontificate of Calixtus and the abbacy of St. Denis (pp. 119-127)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.35

      At that time Paschal, the supreme pontiff of venerable memory, passed from the light of this world into that of eternity; and he was succeeded by Gelasius, the former chancellor, John of Gaeta, who had been appointed pope by canonical electionsa But he found himself unbearably burdened by trouble from Burdinus, the deposed archbishop of Braga, who had been thrust upon the apostolic see by the violent actions of the emperor Henry, and by disturbances the Roman people had been bribed to create. Kept away from the holy see by their tyranny, he followed the custom of popes of old...

    • 28 How he assembled the host of the kingdom, warded off the German threat, and rendered thanks to the blessed Dionysius
      28 How he assembled the host of the kingdom, warded off the German threat, and rendered thanks to the blessed Dionysius (pp. 127-132)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.36

      But let us now return to the task of commemorating the history of the king. Before the lord pope Calixtus had died, the emperor Henry had come to harbor enduring ill will against the lord king Louis, for he had been bound with anathema in a council held by the lord Calixtus at Reims, in the kingdom of the French.¹ The emperor assembled the greatest possible host of Lotharingians, Germans, Bavarians, Sueves, and, even though he was being troubled by them, Saxons. Feigning a movement elsewhere, he was plotting a surprise attack against the city of Reims, on the advice...

    • 29 His expeditions into the Auvergne
      29 His expeditions into the Auvergne (pp. 133-137)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.37

      At that happy time, the bishop of Clermont in the Auvergne, a man of upright life and a splendid defender of the church, was hounded and put to flight by a fresh flare-up of that old pride of the men of the Auvergne. Once again it could be said of them: “The men of the Auvergne dared to portray themselves as brothers of the Latins.”¹ Taking refuge with the lord king, the bishop tearfully placed before him the complaint of his church. The count of the Auvergne had seized his city and, helped by great fraud on the part of...

    • 30 The murder of Count Charles of Flanders
      30 The murder of Count Charles of Flanders (pp. 138-142)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.38

      We intend now to record a distinguished deed, the most noble that the king accomplished from the time he was a youth up to the very end of his life. The full telling of it would need much detail, but we shall narrate it briefly to avoid being tedious, showing what he did, but not how he did it.

      Count Charles, the son of the king of the Danes by the aunt of the lord king Louis, was a renowned and very powerful man.a By right of kinship he succeeded the very courageous Count Baldwin, son of Robert the Jerusalemite,...

    • 31 The death of Thomas of Marle
      31 The death of Thomas of Marle (pp. 142-145)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.39

      In another instance the king took a very similar revenge, pleasing to God and renowned among men. He made use of his swift and mighty hand and, like someone putting out a smoking firebrand, snuffed out the life of a most accursed man, Thomas of Marie, who had been harassing the church of God with no respect for God or man.

      Driven by the lamentations of the churches, the king arrived at Laon to take his vengeance, and then decided to lead his host directly to Coucy against Thomas.a The bishops and notables of the kingdom had urged such action;...

    • 32 The visit of Pope Innocent to France
      32 The visit of Pope Innocent to France (pp. 145-151)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.40

      At that time a dangerous schism dealt the Roman church a grave wound that nearly struck its very heart. After the supreme pontiff and universal pope Honorius of venerable memory had gone the way of all flesh, the senior and wiser among the members of the Roman church reached an agreement to prevent it from being thrown into turmoil. A solemn election would be held according to Roman practice at St. Mark’s and nowhere else, and only if all participated.a But those who had been close to the pope from continual service and companionship feared a possible riot among the...

    • 33 How he prepared for death
      33 How he prepared for death (pp. 151-155)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.41

      By this time the weight of his fleshy body and the toil of endless tasks had quite beaten down the lord king Louis.a He was failing in his body, something which is the lot of the human condition, but not in his spirit. If anything prejudicial to his royal majesty took place anywhere in his kingdom, he never allowed it to go unpunished. At the age of sixty he had great experience and determination; and if the constant torment of an overly fat body had not stopped him, he would have overcome and crushed his enemies everywhere.¹ For this reason...

    • 34 His pious death and burial
      34 His pious death and burial (pp. 156-160)
      https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.42

      While his health slowly recovered, he came down to the river Seine near Melun by whatever means of transport he could endure. His very devoted people, for whom he had preserved the peace, rushed out to meet him from fortresses, villages, and fields they abandoned, flocking together along the road and commending his person to God. He travelled very swiftly and, as God granted, made his way on horseback to visit and give thanks to the holy Martyrs whom he loved.a

      The brothers and nearly the whole countryside solemnly and devotedly welcomed this pious father and noble defender of the...

  8. Endnotes
    Endnotes (pp. 161-214)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.43
  9. Index
    Index (pp. 215-224)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.44
  10. Back Matter
    Back Matter (pp. 225-225)
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgq60.45
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